ADEQUATE REPRESENTATION OF PERSONS BELONGING TO NATIONAL MINORITIES IN PUBLIC SECTOR: THE NATURE, CONTENT AND SCOPE OF OBLIGATIONS IN THE COMMENTS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION
Main Article Content
Abstract
Adequate representation of persons of minority origin in public sector bodies is one of the conditions for their effective participation in public affairs, as prescribed in Article 15 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. To establish whether a State Party fulfils this requirement, the Advisory Committee for the Framework Convention has developed the standard of adequate representation. The aspect of the standard which concerns the adequate representation of persons of minority origin in non-elected public sector bodies is still vague and insufficiently developed. That is a source of uncertainty as to the obligations of the State Parties and the appropriate methods for their realisation. The paper investigates the nature, content and scope of obligations ensuing from this particular aspect of the standard of adequate representation with the aim to contribute to its further normative articulation. The investigation is carried out by analysing the thematic commentaries and country-specific opinions of the Advisory Committee.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Đorđević, Lj. et al. 2018. Učešće nacionalnih manjina u društvenom i političkom životu Srbije. Belgrade: Ethnicity Research Centre.
Đurić, V. 2019. Službena upotreba jezika nacionalnih manjina u radu organa uprave. Strani pravni život, 3, pp. 49-68.
Economides, C. 2010. Content of the Obligation: Obligations of Means and Obligations of Result. In: Crawford, J., Pellet, A. & Olleson, S. (eds.), The Law of International Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 371-382.
Eechoud, van M. 2006. The Commercialisation of Public Sector Information: Delineating the Issues. In: Guibault, L. & Hugenholtz, P. B. (eds.), The Future of the Public Domain: Identifying the Commons in Information Law. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 279-301.
Estébanez, A. M. M. 2005. Council of Europe Policies Concerning the Protection of Linguistic Minorities and the Justiciability of Minority Rights. In: Ghanea, N. & Xanthaki, A. (eds.), Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 269- 298.
Jovanović, M. 2005. Recognizing Minority Identities Through Collective Rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 27(2), pp. 625-651.
Knox, C. 1998. The European Model of Service Delivery: A Partnership Approach in Northern Ireland. Public Administration and Development, 18, pp. 151-168.
Lane, J. R. 2000. The Public Sector: Concepts, Models and Approaches. 3rd edition. London: SAGE.
Lienert, I. 2009. Where Does the Public Sector End and the Private Sector Begin? IMF Working Paper, WP/09/122. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Where-Does-the-Public-Sector-End-and-the-Private- Sector-Begin-23003, (4.12.2020).
Malloy, H. T. et al. 2009. Indicators for Assessing the Impact of the FCNM in its State Parties (Draft Study). Conference: Enhancing the Impact of the Framework Convention. 9 - 10 October 2008. Strasbourg: European Academy Bolzano, Institute for Minority Rights. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016806bd62d, (12.11.2020).
Matijević, V. M. 2019a. Towards a Better Understanding of the Standard of Adequate Representation of Persons Belonging to National Minorities in Public Sector. Strani pravni život, 4, pp. 19-39.
Matijević, V. M. 2019b. Afirmativne mere za zapošljavanje pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u državnoj upravi Republike Srbije: Osvrt na postojeća rešenja. Pravni život, III(11), pp. 589-605.
Pavlović, Z. 2019. Službena upotreba jezika i pisma nacionalnih manjina. In: Varadi, T. (ed.), Prava nacionalnih manjina u ustavnopravnom sistemu Republike Srbije. Collection of papers from the Round Table held on 27th November 2017. Belgrade: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, pp. 43-61.
Smith, J. M. & Flinders, V. M. 1999. Quangos, Accountability and Reform: The Politics of Quasi-Government. New York: St. Martin’s Press in association with Political Economy Research Centre, University of Sheffield.
Stekette, F. 2001. The Framework Convention: A Piece of Art or a Tool for Action?. Inter- national Journal of Minority and Group Rights, 8, pp. 1-15.
Vacca, A. 2016. Rights to Use Minority Languages in the Public Administration and Public Institutions: Italy, Spain and the UK. Torino: Giappichelli.
Verstichel, A. 2004. Elaborating a Catalogue of Best Practices of Effective Participation of National Minorities: Review of the Opinions of the Advisory Committee Regarding Article 15 of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 2, pp. 165-195.
Wilson, W. 1887. The Study of Administration. Political Science Quarterly, 2(2), pp. 197-222.
Wolfrum, R. 2011. Obligation of Result Versus Obligation of Conduct: Some Thoughts About the Implementation of International Obligations. In: Arsanjani, M. H., Cogan, J., Sloane, R., & Wiessner, S. (eds.). Looking to the Future: Essays on International Law in Honor of W. Michael Reisman. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 363–383.
Legal sources
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Mi- norities, Commentary No. 1: Commentary on Education under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, ACFC/25DOC(2006)002 (adopted on 2 March 2006).
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Commentary No. 2: The Effective Participation of Persons Belonging to National Minorities in Cultural, Social and Economic Life and in Public Affairs, ACFC/31DOC(2008)001 (adopted on 27 February 2008).
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Commentary No. 3: The Language Rights of Persons Belonging to National Minorities Under the Framework Convention, ACFC/44DOC(2012)001 rev (adopted on 24 May 2012).
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Opinion on Bulgaria, ACFC/OP/I(2006)001 (adopted on 27 May 2004). Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Opinion on “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”, ACFC/INF/OP/I(2005)001 (adopted on 27 May 2004).
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Mi- norities, Opinion on Georgia, ACFC/OP/I(2009)001 (adopted on 19 March 2009). Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Opinion on Latvia, ACFC/OP/I(2008)002 (adopted on 9 October 2008).
Explanatory Report to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minori- ties, European Treaty Series No. 157, Strasbourg (1 February 1995).
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, European Treaty Se- ries No. 157 (1 February 1995).