Četvrta generacija ljudskih prava u digitalno doba: Uticaj interneta i modernih tehnologija
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8364-7405
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Pored klasične podele na tri generacije ljudskih prava, savremena pravna teorija sve intenzivnije razmatra pojavu četvrte generacije ljudskih prava. Ova generacija razvija se kao odgovor na ubrzanu digitalizaciju društva i duboke tehnološke promene koje suštinski menjaju način ostvarivanja i zaštite ljudskih prava. Razvoj interneta, veštačke inteligencije, masovne obrade podataka i digitalnih platformi doveo je do nastanka novih oblika društvene moći, ali i novih vidova ranjivosti pojedinaca, koje postojeći normativni okviri ne obuhvataju u potpunosti. Cilj rada je da se ispita da li se pojava četvrte generacije ljudskih prava može teorijski i normativno opravdati kao posebna kategorija prava koja je nastala pod dominantnim uticajem savremenih tehnologija. Polazna hipoteza rada jeste da digitalne tehnologije više ne deluju isključivo kao sredstva za ostvarivanje postojećih prava, već kao faktički regulator društvenih odnosa, čime se bitno menja klasični odnos između pojedinca, države i nosilaca privatne moći. Istraživanje se zasniva na normativnodogmatskoj metodi, uporednopravnoj analizi relevantnih evropskih i međunarodnih pravnih izvora, kao i na kritičkoj analizi savremene pravne teorije o digitalnim pravima. Iako se koncept četvrte generacije ljudskih prava teorijski odnosi na širi krug tehnološki uslovljenih prava – uključujući bioetička prava, pravo na genetski integritet i pravo na naučni i tehnološki razvoj – rad se primarno fokusira na digitalna prava kao njihov najrazvijeniji i društveno najrelevantniji segment. Autorke analiziraju pravo na zaštitu podataka o ličnosti, pravo na pristup internetu, pravo na zaštitu od algoritamske diskriminacije i pravo na očuvanje kognitivne autonomije. Zaključak je da ta prava predstavljaju objektivnu normativnu potrebu savremenog društva i da zahtevaju sistemsko prilagođavanje postojećih pravnih okvira, kao i razvoj novih mehanizama zaštite u digitalnom okruženju.
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