DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this paper, the authors enter into the issue of parliamentary development at the end of the twentieth century, as well as the contemporary tendencies of the relationship between parliament and the executive branch. The first part of the paper explains the problem of the legitimacy of the parliament through a theoretical analysis of the legitimacy of the government and the representation and participation of the people in that government. A brief look at the principle of separation of powers and its two basic models, the parliamentary and presidential systems, is followed by the overview of today’s tendencies of the position and function
of the parliament in the European Union. The first is a comparative overview of the former socialist states, and today full members of the European Union, which have all accepted the democratic achievements of the parliamentary system, of course to a greater or lesser extent,
with certain oscillations. And then, since the parliamentary system is the dominant system of government in the European Union, its three variants in other European Union countries will be considered: 1) where, in relation to the parliament, the executive branch is strengthened in the person of the head of state, 2) where in relation to thr parliament the executive branch is strengthened in the face of the government or its president, and 3) where the parliament and the executive branch remain in balance.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Literatura
Avril, P. & Gicquel, J. 1988. Droit parlementaire. Paris: Montchrestien.
Bluntschli, J.K. 1880. Karakter i duh političkih partija. Beograd: Čupićeva zadužbina.
Duverger, M. 1975. Institutions politiques et droit constitutionnel. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Favoreu, L. et al. 1999. Droit constitutionnel. Paris: Dalloz.
Fink Hafner, D. 2011. Vloga svetovne gospodarske krize pri spreminjanju razmerij moči v nacionalnih političnih sistemih. Ljubljana, Teorija in Praksa, 48, pp. 1223-1241.
Friedrich, C. 1958. La démocratie constitutionnelle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Gazier, A. 2003. Une démocratie parlementaire à l'européenne, Pouvoirs, 106, pp. 69-83. https://doi.org/10.3917/pouv.106.0069
Gélard, P. 1992. Chronique - droit constitutionnel étranger, Revue francaise de droit constitutionnel, 9.
Grad, F., Kaučič, I. & Zagorc, S. 2016, Ustavno pravo. Ljubljana: Pravna fakulteta Univerza v Ljubljani.
Grussmann, W.D. 1995. The Functions and Development of Parliament. Cinquante ans de constitutionnalisme - Réalité et perspectives. Tokyo: L'association International de Droit Constitutionnel, pp. 52-72.
Hausmaninger, H. 2000. The Austrian Legal System. Wien: Manzche Verlags und Universitätsbuchhandlung.
Hesse, K. 1999. Grundzüge des Verfassungsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller Verlag.
Iorgovan, A. 1995. Le changement du régime politique et le developpement constitutionnel en Roumanie, System Transformation and Constitutional Developments in Central and Eastern Europe. Kecskemét: Karoli Gaspar Reformed University, pp. 139-157.
Klein, E. 1983. The Concept of the Basic Law. In: Starck, Ch. (ed). Main Principles of the German Basic Law. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, pp. 15-37.
Klima, K. 1995. Faits historiques en relation avec la naissance de la République Tchèque. System Transformation and Constitutional Developments in Central and Eastern Europe. Kecskemét: Karoli Gaspar Reformed University, pp. 205-225.
Kortmann, C. & Bovend'Eert P. 1993. The Kingdom of the Netherlands - An Introduction to Dutch Constitutional Law. Deventer, Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers.
Konrath, C. 2009. On Concepts of Parliament and Parliamentarism in Austrian Public Law. Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law, 3(2), pp. 80-108. https://doi.org/10.1515/icl-2009-0204
Kutlešić, V. 2002. Organizacija vlasti - Uporedna studija ustava bivših socijalističkih država Evrope. Beograd: Službeni list SRJ.
Lalumière, P., Demichel, A. 1978. Les régimes parlementaires europèens. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Lavroff, D.G. 1987, Le renforcement de l'éxecutif dans les systèmes constitutionnels contemporains. Droit constitutionnel et droits de l'homme. Paris: Economica, pp. 341-355.
Magiera, S. 1995. The functions and development of Bundesrat and Bundestag. Cinquante ans de constitutionnalisme - Réalité et perspectives. Tokyo: L'association International de Droit Constitutionnel, pp. 114-134.
Magiera, S. 1983. The Interpretation of the Basic Law. In: Starck Ch. (ed.). Main Principles of the German Basic Law. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, pp. 89-107.
Manessis, A. 1991. Le renforcement de l'exécutif dans les systèmes constitutionnels contemporaine. Le Nouveau Droit Constitutionnel. Fribourg: Institut du fédéralisme, pp. 211-245.
Nikolić, O. 2013. Izvršna vlast u Francuskoj. U: Nikolić, O. i Petrov, V. (ur.). Uvod u pravo Francuske. Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo i Pravni fakultet u Beogradu, pp. 57-72.
Nikolić, O. 2012. Predsednik republike u parlamentarnom režimu. Pravni život, 12, pp. 239-254.
Nikolić, P. 1993. Le gouvernement d'assemblée et la démocratie. Problem of Constitutional Development. Budapest: Akademiai kiado, pp. 51-61.
Pactet, P. 1981, Institutions politiques et droit constitutionnel. Paris: Masson.
Ponthoreau, M.-C. 2001, Le Président de la République - Une fonction à la croisée des chemins. Pouvoirs, 99, pp. 33-44. https://doi.org/10.3917/pouv.099.0033
Roy, M.P. 1977. Les régimes politiques du Tiers monde. Paris: Librarie générale de droit et de jurisprudence.
Ruso, Ž.Ž. 1993. Društveni ugovor - O poreklu i osnovima nejednakosti među ljudima - Rasprava o naukama i umetnostima. Beograd: Filip Višnjić.
Sokol, S. & Smerdel, B., 1988. Organizacija vlasti - Političke ideje, ustavni modeli, zbilja. Zagreb: Narodne novine.
Trocsanyi, L. 1995. Constitutionnalisme et changement du régime politique en Europe centrale et Europe de l'est. System Transformation and Constitutional Developments in Central and Eastern Europe. Kecskemét: Karoli Gaspar Reformed University, pp. 7-25.
Van Raalte, E. 1959. The Parliament of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. London: The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
Wojtyczek, K. 1995. Le changement du régime politique et le constitutionalisme en Pologne. System Transformation and Constitutional Developments in Central and Eastern Europe. Kecskemét: Karoli Gaspar Reformed University, pp. 111-139.
Zajc, D. 2013. Izazovi današnje parlamentarne demokratije. U Orlović, S. (ur.). Iskušenje parlamentarizma. Beograd: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, pp. 7-17.
Pravni izvori
Constitution of Austria, usvojen 1. oktobra 1920, poslednji put menjan 2019.
The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, usvojen 12. jula 1991.
The Constitution of the Czech Republic, usvojen 16. decembra 1992.
The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, usvojen 28. juna 1992.
Constitution de la République française, usvojen 4. oktobra 1958.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, usvojen 8. maja 1949.
Ustav Republike Hrvatske, usvojen 22. decembra 1990.
The Fundamental Law of Hungary, usvojen 18. aprila 2011.
The Constitution of Latvia, usvojen 15. februara 1922, ponovo u upotrebi 1994, poslednji put menjan 2018.
The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, usvojen 25. oktobra 1992.
The Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, usvojen 24. avgusta 1815, poslednji put menjan 2005.
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, usvojen 2. aprila 1997.
The Constitution of Romania, usvojen 21. novembra 1991.
The Constitution of the Slovak Republic, usvojen 1. septembra 1992.
The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, usvojen 23. decembra 1991.