THE JAPANESE MODEL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNITY POLICING
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Published:
Nov 27, 2020
Keywords:
koban, japanska policija, strategija policije u zajednici, Japan, policijska praksa
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Abstract
Community policing is the strategy of policing that is applied in countries around the world, and through time, it became the most popular way of approach to police work. The goal of this strategy is reflected in creating a better and safer life of citizens, which is achieved through the teamwork of the police and the local community.
Based on the analysis of the content of foreign scientific and professional literature, and official publications of the Japanese police, the author presents the specifics of the implementation of community policing strategy in Japan, in order to point to examples of good police practice, given that this is an official approach to policing in the Republic of Serbia.
In addition to a review of the basic settings of this strategy, the organizational, programmatic, strategic and philosophical level of the so-called the koban - model of police work, the paper is presenting the obstacles that stand in the way of achieving the goals of this strategy and how the Japanese police overcome them. Finally, the author concludes that the practice of the Japanese police is a prototype of successful policing in the community, but that it is conditioned by the specifics of Japanese society, and as such can hardly be implemented in societies that do not share the same characteristics.
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Review scientific papers
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References
Literatura
Bayley, H. B. 1994. Police for the future. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brogden, M. & Nijhar, P. 2005. Community Policing: National and International Models and Approaches. Cullompton: Willan.
Cao, L., Stack, S. & Sun, Y. 1998. Public attitudes toward the police: a comparative study between Japan and America. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(4), pp. 279-289.
Cortazzi, H. 1993. Modеrn Japan: a concise survey. New York: Pagrave Macmillan.
Džunić, B. 2018. Preventivne aktivnosti u cilju sprečavanja i suzbijanja kriminaliteta sa osvrtom na strategijski okvir Republike Srbije. Pravo – teorija i praksa, 35(7-9), pp. 54-69.
Đoković, L. 2020. Stavovi građana o radu policije – ocena primene strategije policije u zajednici u Republici Srbiji. Revija za kriminologiju i krivično pravo, 58(1-2), pp. 181-198.
Ellis, T., Lewis, C., Hamai, K. & Williamson, T. 2008. Japanese Community Policing Under the Microscope. In: Williamson, T. (ed.), The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 175-198.
Ignjatović, Đ. 2009. Države sa niskom stopom kriminaliteta – primer Malte. Strani pravni život, 53(3), pp. 49-66.
Ignjatović, Đ. 2016. Kriminologija. 13. izd. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Kanayama, T. 2013. The National Challenge on Increase in Crime: Comprehensive Initiatives on Crime Reducion in Japan. In: Verma, A., Das, D. & Abraham, M. (eds.), Global Community Policing: Problems and Challenges. Boca Ration: CRC Press, pp. 63-82.
Kappeler, V. & Gaines, L. 2011. Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Anderson.
Kawamura, N. & Shirakawa, Y. 2008. Current Developments Affecting the Japanese Koban System of Community Policing. In: Williamson, T. (ed.), The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 157-174.
Kocak, D. 2018. Rethinking Community Policing in International Police Reform: Examples from Asia. London: Ubiquity Press.
Kostić, M. 2010. Prevencija kriminaliteta – pojam i istorijski razvoj. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Nišu, LV, pp. 89-110.
Lazić, I. 2017. Definisanje konceprta rada policije u lokalnoj zajednici. Administracija i javne politike, 3(2-3), pp. 37-60.
Leishman, F. 2003. Policing in Japan: East Asian Archetype? In: Mawby, R. I. (ed.), Policing Across the World: Issues for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Taylor & Francis, pp. 109–25.
Leishman, F. 2007. Koban: Neighbourhood Policing in Contemporary Japan. Policing, 1(2), pp. 196-202.
McLaughlin, E. & Muncie J. 2001. The Sage dictionary of criminology. London: Sage publication.
Milić, A. 2004. Kultura i mentalitet, pretpostavka rada policije u zajednici. U: Matijević, M. (ur.), V Dies Academicus: Rad policije u zajednici. Banja Luka: Visoka škola unutrašnjih poslova, pp. 99-104.
Moose, C. 1993. The Theory and Practice od Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project. Dissertation. Portland: Portland State University.
Nikolić-Ristanović, V. & Konstantinović-Vilić, S. 2018. Kriminologija. 4. izd. Beograd: Prometej.
Palmiotto, M. J. & Unnithan, P.N. 2011. Policing & Society: A Global Approach. New York: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Pepinsky, H. 2006/2017. Mirotvorstvo: razmišljanja jednog radikalnog kriminologa. prev. Stevanović, A. & Vujičić, N. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Ratcliffe, H. 2008. Intelligence-led Policing. Devon: Willan Publishing.
Simić, B. & Nikač, Ž. 2010. Razvoj policijske organizacije od tradicionalne ka savremenoj u funkciji suzbijanja kriminaliteta. Nauka–bezbednost–policija, 14 (3), pp. 117-131. Simonović, B. 2005. Konceptualne dileme, limiti, nedoslednosti, kritike i slabosti novog koncepta rada policije u zajednici (Community Policing) s osvrtom na ljudska prava i slobode. U: Bejatović, S. (ur.), Slobode i prava čoveka i građanina u konceptu novog zakonodavstva Republike Srbije. Kragujevac: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu: Institut za pravne i društvene nauke, pp. 75-95.
Skogan, W. & Hartnett, S. 1997. Community Policing: Chicago Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Šebek, V. 2015. Kriminalističko-obaveštajni modeli organizacije policije u kontroli kriminaliteta. Doktorska disertacija. Kragujevac: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu.
Trojanowicz, R. & Bucqueroux, B. 1991. Community policing and the challenge of diversity. Michigan: Michigan State University.
Vuković, S. 2008. Strategije delovanja policije u prevenciji kriminaliteta na području lokalne zajednice. Doktorska disertacija. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Young, A. 2019. Japanese Atmospheres of Criminal Justice. The British Journal of Criminology, 59 (4), pp. 765-779. Dostupno na: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy073, (10. 8. 2020).
Internet izvori
National Police Academy of Japan (NPAJ). 2005. Japanese Community Police and Police Box System. Tokyo. Dostupno na: http://www.npa.go.jp/english/keidai/Guidelines_of_PolicePolicy/JapaneseCommunityPolice.pdf, (19. 8. 2020).
National Police Agency of Japan (NPA). 2019. Police of Japan 2019. Tokyo. Dostupno na: https://www.npa.go.jp/english/Police_of_Japan/2019/Police_of_Japan_2019_full_ text.pdf, (19.8.2020).
UNAFEI. 2019. Criminal Justice System in Japan. Dostupno na: https://www.unafei.or.jp/ publications/pdf/CJSJ_2019/00CJSJ_2019.pdf, (20. 8. 2020).
Pravni izvori
Strategija policije u zajednici, Službeni glasnik RS, br. 43/2013.
Bayley, H. B. 1994. Police for the future. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brogden, M. & Nijhar, P. 2005. Community Policing: National and International Models and Approaches. Cullompton: Willan.
Cao, L., Stack, S. & Sun, Y. 1998. Public attitudes toward the police: a comparative study between Japan and America. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(4), pp. 279-289.
Cortazzi, H. 1993. Modеrn Japan: a concise survey. New York: Pagrave Macmillan.
Džunić, B. 2018. Preventivne aktivnosti u cilju sprečavanja i suzbijanja kriminaliteta sa osvrtom na strategijski okvir Republike Srbije. Pravo – teorija i praksa, 35(7-9), pp. 54-69.
Đoković, L. 2020. Stavovi građana o radu policije – ocena primene strategije policije u zajednici u Republici Srbiji. Revija za kriminologiju i krivično pravo, 58(1-2), pp. 181-198.
Ellis, T., Lewis, C., Hamai, K. & Williamson, T. 2008. Japanese Community Policing Under the Microscope. In: Williamson, T. (ed.), The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 175-198.
Ignjatović, Đ. 2009. Države sa niskom stopom kriminaliteta – primer Malte. Strani pravni život, 53(3), pp. 49-66.
Ignjatović, Đ. 2016. Kriminologija. 13. izd. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Kanayama, T. 2013. The National Challenge on Increase in Crime: Comprehensive Initiatives on Crime Reducion in Japan. In: Verma, A., Das, D. & Abraham, M. (eds.), Global Community Policing: Problems and Challenges. Boca Ration: CRC Press, pp. 63-82.
Kappeler, V. & Gaines, L. 2011. Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Anderson.
Kawamura, N. & Shirakawa, Y. 2008. Current Developments Affecting the Japanese Koban System of Community Policing. In: Williamson, T. (ed.), The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 157-174.
Kocak, D. 2018. Rethinking Community Policing in International Police Reform: Examples from Asia. London: Ubiquity Press.
Kostić, M. 2010. Prevencija kriminaliteta – pojam i istorijski razvoj. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Nišu, LV, pp. 89-110.
Lazić, I. 2017. Definisanje konceprta rada policije u lokalnoj zajednici. Administracija i javne politike, 3(2-3), pp. 37-60.
Leishman, F. 2003. Policing in Japan: East Asian Archetype? In: Mawby, R. I. (ed.), Policing Across the World: Issues for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Taylor & Francis, pp. 109–25.
Leishman, F. 2007. Koban: Neighbourhood Policing in Contemporary Japan. Policing, 1(2), pp. 196-202.
McLaughlin, E. & Muncie J. 2001. The Sage dictionary of criminology. London: Sage publication.
Milić, A. 2004. Kultura i mentalitet, pretpostavka rada policije u zajednici. U: Matijević, M. (ur.), V Dies Academicus: Rad policije u zajednici. Banja Luka: Visoka škola unutrašnjih poslova, pp. 99-104.
Moose, C. 1993. The Theory and Practice od Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project. Dissertation. Portland: Portland State University.
Nikolić-Ristanović, V. & Konstantinović-Vilić, S. 2018. Kriminologija. 4. izd. Beograd: Prometej.
Palmiotto, M. J. & Unnithan, P.N. 2011. Policing & Society: A Global Approach. New York: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Pepinsky, H. 2006/2017. Mirotvorstvo: razmišljanja jednog radikalnog kriminologa. prev. Stevanović, A. & Vujičić, N. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Ratcliffe, H. 2008. Intelligence-led Policing. Devon: Willan Publishing.
Simić, B. & Nikač, Ž. 2010. Razvoj policijske organizacije od tradicionalne ka savremenoj u funkciji suzbijanja kriminaliteta. Nauka–bezbednost–policija, 14 (3), pp. 117-131. Simonović, B. 2005. Konceptualne dileme, limiti, nedoslednosti, kritike i slabosti novog koncepta rada policije u zajednici (Community Policing) s osvrtom na ljudska prava i slobode. U: Bejatović, S. (ur.), Slobode i prava čoveka i građanina u konceptu novog zakonodavstva Republike Srbije. Kragujevac: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu: Institut za pravne i društvene nauke, pp. 75-95.
Skogan, W. & Hartnett, S. 1997. Community Policing: Chicago Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Šebek, V. 2015. Kriminalističko-obaveštajni modeli organizacije policije u kontroli kriminaliteta. Doktorska disertacija. Kragujevac: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu.
Trojanowicz, R. & Bucqueroux, B. 1991. Community policing and the challenge of diversity. Michigan: Michigan State University.
Vuković, S. 2008. Strategije delovanja policije u prevenciji kriminaliteta na području lokalne zajednice. Doktorska disertacija. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Young, A. 2019. Japanese Atmospheres of Criminal Justice. The British Journal of Criminology, 59 (4), pp. 765-779. Dostupno na: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy073, (10. 8. 2020).
Internet izvori
National Police Academy of Japan (NPAJ). 2005. Japanese Community Police and Police Box System. Tokyo. Dostupno na: http://www.npa.go.jp/english/keidai/Guidelines_of_PolicePolicy/JapaneseCommunityPolice.pdf, (19. 8. 2020).
National Police Agency of Japan (NPA). 2019. Police of Japan 2019. Tokyo. Dostupno na: https://www.npa.go.jp/english/Police_of_Japan/2019/Police_of_Japan_2019_full_ text.pdf, (19.8.2020).
UNAFEI. 2019. Criminal Justice System in Japan. Dostupno na: https://www.unafei.or.jp/ publications/pdf/CJSJ_2019/00CJSJ_2019.pdf, (20. 8. 2020).
Pravni izvori
Strategija policije u zajednici, Službeni glasnik RS, br. 43/2013.