THE OFFICIAL USE OF MINORITY LANGUAGES IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-23516Keywords:
službena upotreba jezika, manjinski jezici, Evropska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima, Okvirna konvencija za zaštitu nacionalnih manjina, Italija, Austrija, Slovenija, SlovačkaAbstract
In this paper, the author analyses the official use of minority languages in the public administration. The use of minority languages in dealings with the administrative authorities is perhaps the most concrete sign of their legal status. The official use of minority languages is analysed in three important aspects - what is a minority language in legal sense, what the territorial scope of official use is and what is the content of the official use of minority languages.
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References
De Varennes, F. 2006. Article 10. In: Weller, M. (ed.), The Rights of Minorities. A Commentary on the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 301-327.
Kontra, M. 1999. Some Reflections on the Nature of Language and its Regulation. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 6 (3), pp. 281-288.
Komac, M. & Roter, P. 2015. The Autonomy Arrangement in Slovenia. An Established Institutional Framework Dependent on Implementation of Minority Protection. In: Malloy, T., Osipov, A. & Vizi, B. (eds.), Managing Diversity through Non-Territorial Autonomy: Assessing, Advantages, Deficiencies and Risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92-117.
May, S. 2008. Language and Minority Rights. Ethnicity, Nationalism and The Politics of Language. New York: Routledge.
Poggeschi, G. 2012. The Use of Regional and Minority Languages in the Public Administration and the Undertakings of Article 10 of the European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 57, pp. 163-205.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 1984. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Van der Jeught, S. 2016. The Protection of Linguistic Minorities in Italy: A Clean Break with the Past. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 15(3), pp. 57-81.
Woehrling, J.M. 2005. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. A Critical Commentary. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Internet izvori
Daftary, F.& Gál, K. 2000. The New Slovak Language Law: Internal or External Politics?. ECMI Working Paper # 8, European Centre for Minority Issues, pp. 1-62. Dostupno na: http://edoc.vifapol.de/opus/volltexte/2009/1888/pdf/working_paper_8.pdf.
Ruíz Vieytez, E. J. 2004. Official Languages and Minority Languages: Issues about Their Legal Status through Comparative Law, Paper presented at the II Mercator International Symposium: Europe 2004: A New Framework for all Languages?, Tarragona, Spain, 27-28 February 2004. Dostupno na: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo_Ruiz_Vieytez/publication/237470742_Official_Languages_and_Minority_Languages_Issues_about_Their_Legal_Status_through_Comparative_Law/links/54b7bcb40cf2e68eb280469d.pdf.
Pravni izvori i sudska praksa
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages CoE CETS No. 147. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
Council of Europe, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Explanatory Report, 1992. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities CoE CETS No. 157. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Explanatory Report H(1995) 010. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Španija
Odluka Ustavnog suda Španije, STC 82/1986 od 26. juna 1986. Dostupno na: https://tc.vlex.es/vid/i-as-an-149-ba-8-9-14-23-15033525, (10.6.2018).
Italija
Ustav Republike Italije (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf.
Zakon br. 482/99 – Zakon o zaštiti istorijskih jezičkih manjina (Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche). Dostupno na: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm.
Austrija
Ugovor iz Sen Žermena (Treaty of St Germain (Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100758/treaty-of-st-germain-treaty-of-peace-between-the-allied-and-associated-powers-and-austria/.
Državni ugovor (State Treaty (with annexes and maps) for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria. Signed at Vienna, on 15 May 1955). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100823/state-treaty-with-annexes-and-maps-for-the-re-establish%C2%ADment-of-an-independent-and-democratic-austria-signed-at-vienna-on-15-may-1955/
Ustav Austrije (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)). Tekst na nemačkom i prevod na engleski jezik dostupan na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1930_1/ERV_1930_1.pdf.
Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich. Dostupno na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1976_396/ERV_1976_396.pdf.
VfGH G 213/01-18 od 13.12.2001. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_G_213-01_ua.pdf.
VfGH B 484/03-11 od 16.12.2004. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_B_484-03.pdf.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Austrije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovenija
Ustav Republike Slovenije (Ustava Republike Slovenije), Uradni list RS, št. 33/1991-I, 42/1997 – UZS68, 66/2000 – UZ80, 2420/03 – UZ3a, 47, 68, 69/2004 – UZ14, 6920/04 – UZ43, 69/2004 – UZ50, 68/2006 – UZ121,140,143, 47/2013 – UZ148, 47/2013 – UZ90, 97, 99 in 75/2016 – UZ70a. Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.us-rs.si/en/about-the-court/legal-basis/constitution.
Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine, Uradni list RS, št. 86/2004 in 8/2010.
Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku, Uradni list RS, št. 24/2006 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 105/2006 – ZUS-1, 126/2007, 65/2008, 8/2010 in 82/2013.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Republike Slovenije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovačka
Ustav Republike Slovačke (Ústavný zákon č. 460/1992 Zb.Ústava Slovenskej republiky v znení č. 244/1998 Z. z., 9/1999 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 140/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 463/2005 Z. z., 92/2006 Z. z., 210/2006 Z. z., 100/2010 Z. z., 356/2011 Z. z., 232/2012 Z. z., 161/2014 Z. z., 306/2014 Z. z., 427/2015 Z. z., 44/2017 Z. z., 71/2017 Z. z., 137/2017 Z. z., 99/2019 Z. z.). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.prezident.sk/upload-files/46422.pdf.
Zákon č. 300/1993 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o mene a priezvisku (v znení č. r1/c4/1994 Z. z., 154/1994 Z. z., 198/2002 Z. z., 515/2003 Z. z., 36/2005 Z. z., 13/2006 Z. z., 344/2007 Z. z., 564/2008 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 124/2015 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 191/1994 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o označovaní obcí v jazyku národnostných menšín (v znení č. r1/c63/1994 Z. z., r1/c68/1994 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 270/1995 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o štátnom jazyku Slovenskej republiky (v znení č. r1/c95/1995 Z. z., 260/1997 Z. z., 5/1999 Z. z., 184/1999 Z. z., 24/2007 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z., 35/2011 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 373/2013 Z. z., 125/2016 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 184/1999 Z. z.Zákon o používaní jazykov národnostných menšín (v znení č. 318/2009 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 287/2012 Z. z.).
Deklaracija Republike Slovačke u ratifikacionom instrumentu o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Kontra, M. 1999. Some Reflections on the Nature of Language and its Regulation. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 6 (3), pp. 281-288.
Komac, M. & Roter, P. 2015. The Autonomy Arrangement in Slovenia. An Established Institutional Framework Dependent on Implementation of Minority Protection. In: Malloy, T., Osipov, A. & Vizi, B. (eds.), Managing Diversity through Non-Territorial Autonomy: Assessing, Advantages, Deficiencies and Risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92-117.
May, S. 2008. Language and Minority Rights. Ethnicity, Nationalism and The Politics of Language. New York: Routledge.
Poggeschi, G. 2012. The Use of Regional and Minority Languages in the Public Administration and the Undertakings of Article 10 of the European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 57, pp. 163-205.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 1984. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Van der Jeught, S. 2016. The Protection of Linguistic Minorities in Italy: A Clean Break with the Past. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 15(3), pp. 57-81.
Woehrling, J.M. 2005. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. A Critical Commentary. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Internet izvori
Daftary, F.& Gál, K. 2000. The New Slovak Language Law: Internal or External Politics?. ECMI Working Paper # 8, European Centre for Minority Issues, pp. 1-62. Dostupno na: http://edoc.vifapol.de/opus/volltexte/2009/1888/pdf/working_paper_8.pdf.
Ruíz Vieytez, E. J. 2004. Official Languages and Minority Languages: Issues about Their Legal Status through Comparative Law, Paper presented at the II Mercator International Symposium: Europe 2004: A New Framework for all Languages?, Tarragona, Spain, 27-28 February 2004. Dostupno na: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo_Ruiz_Vieytez/publication/237470742_Official_Languages_and_Minority_Languages_Issues_about_Their_Legal_Status_through_Comparative_Law/links/54b7bcb40cf2e68eb280469d.pdf.
Pravni izvori i sudska praksa
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages CoE CETS No. 147. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
Council of Europe, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Explanatory Report, 1992. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities CoE CETS No. 157. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Explanatory Report H(1995) 010. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Španija
Odluka Ustavnog suda Španije, STC 82/1986 od 26. juna 1986. Dostupno na: https://tc.vlex.es/vid/i-as-an-149-ba-8-9-14-23-15033525, (10.6.2018).
Italija
Ustav Republike Italije (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf.
Zakon br. 482/99 – Zakon o zaštiti istorijskih jezičkih manjina (Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche). Dostupno na: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm.
Austrija
Ugovor iz Sen Žermena (Treaty of St Germain (Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100758/treaty-of-st-germain-treaty-of-peace-between-the-allied-and-associated-powers-and-austria/.
Državni ugovor (State Treaty (with annexes and maps) for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria. Signed at Vienna, on 15 May 1955). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100823/state-treaty-with-annexes-and-maps-for-the-re-establish%C2%ADment-of-an-independent-and-democratic-austria-signed-at-vienna-on-15-may-1955/
Ustav Austrije (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)). Tekst na nemačkom i prevod na engleski jezik dostupan na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1930_1/ERV_1930_1.pdf.
Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich. Dostupno na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1976_396/ERV_1976_396.pdf.
VfGH G 213/01-18 od 13.12.2001. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_G_213-01_ua.pdf.
VfGH B 484/03-11 od 16.12.2004. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_B_484-03.pdf.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Austrije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovenija
Ustav Republike Slovenije (Ustava Republike Slovenije), Uradni list RS, št. 33/1991-I, 42/1997 – UZS68, 66/2000 – UZ80, 2420/03 – UZ3a, 47, 68, 69/2004 – UZ14, 6920/04 – UZ43, 69/2004 – UZ50, 68/2006 – UZ121,140,143, 47/2013 – UZ148, 47/2013 – UZ90, 97, 99 in 75/2016 – UZ70a. Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.us-rs.si/en/about-the-court/legal-basis/constitution.
Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine, Uradni list RS, št. 86/2004 in 8/2010.
Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku, Uradni list RS, št. 24/2006 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 105/2006 – ZUS-1, 126/2007, 65/2008, 8/2010 in 82/2013.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Republike Slovenije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovačka
Ustav Republike Slovačke (Ústavný zákon č. 460/1992 Zb.Ústava Slovenskej republiky v znení č. 244/1998 Z. z., 9/1999 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 140/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 463/2005 Z. z., 92/2006 Z. z., 210/2006 Z. z., 100/2010 Z. z., 356/2011 Z. z., 232/2012 Z. z., 161/2014 Z. z., 306/2014 Z. z., 427/2015 Z. z., 44/2017 Z. z., 71/2017 Z. z., 137/2017 Z. z., 99/2019 Z. z.). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.prezident.sk/upload-files/46422.pdf.
Zákon č. 300/1993 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o mene a priezvisku (v znení č. r1/c4/1994 Z. z., 154/1994 Z. z., 198/2002 Z. z., 515/2003 Z. z., 36/2005 Z. z., 13/2006 Z. z., 344/2007 Z. z., 564/2008 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 124/2015 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 191/1994 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o označovaní obcí v jazyku národnostných menšín (v znení č. r1/c63/1994 Z. z., r1/c68/1994 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 270/1995 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o štátnom jazyku Slovenskej republiky (v znení č. r1/c95/1995 Z. z., 260/1997 Z. z., 5/1999 Z. z., 184/1999 Z. z., 24/2007 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z., 35/2011 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 373/2013 Z. z., 125/2016 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 184/1999 Z. z.Zákon o používaní jazykov národnostných menšín (v znení č. 318/2009 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 287/2012 Z. z.).
Deklaracija Republike Slovačke u ratifikacionom instrumentu o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
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