JUDICIAL TRAINING AND EU LAW: A VIEW ON COMPARATIVE AND SERBIAN PRACTICE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
EU law is a pivotal issue in modern-day judicial education in Europe. It is particularly important to ensure that, prior to EU accession, the judges of the acceding country are adequately trained on the fundamentals of EU law and its relation with national law and the role of the national judge in the European judicial space. Once a country becomes an EU member state, it is necessary to continue with adequate training and support to proper implementation of EU acquis by national judges. There is no right or wrong way to incorporate EU law in judicial training, although some best practice examples have been identified in the practices of EU member states, both of those that have joined the EU relatively recently and of the “older” EU member states. The authors will investigate the practices related to judicial training on EU law in Serbia in the light of good comparative practices of judicial training institutions in Europe and formulate recommendations for Serbia in the context of EU accession.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Cluny, A., Training of judges and public prosecutors in the function of quality of judicial system, Judge’s Association of Serbia, Belgrade 2015.
Craig, P., de Burca C., EU Law Text, Cases and Materials, Oxford University Press, 2011.
Dallara, C., “Judicial Reforms in SEE Democratising Countries. Towards a Contextualized Framework for the Analysis”, in: Democracy and Judicial Reforms in South-East Europe, Springer International Publishing, 2014, 1-30.
Eliantonio, M.Europeanisation of Administrative Justice? The Influence of the ECJ’s Case Law in Italy, Germany and England, Europa Law Publishing, 2008.
Knežević Bojović, А., Purić, O., “In-service Training of Judges in Europe”, Strani pravni život, 4/2016, 57-70.
Kosař, D. Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies: Holding the Least Accountable Branch to Account, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Kühn, Z. The Judiciary in Central and Eastern Europe: Mechanical Jurisprudence in Transformation?, Brill, 2011.
Mayoral, J.A., Jaremba U., Nowak T. “Creating EU law judges: the role of generational differences, legal education and judicial career paths in national judges’ assessment regarding EU law knowledge”, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 21, 8/2014, 1120-1141.
Muller, W.C., Bovens M., Grønnegaard Christensen J., Jenny M., Yesilkagit K., “Legal Europeanization: comparative perspectives”, Public Administration, Vol. 88, 1/2010, 75–87.
Muniz-Argüelles, L., Fraticelli-Torres М. “Selection and Training of Judges in Spain, France, West Germany, and England”, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 8, 1/1985, 1-37.
Reichert, J. P., “Recruiting and Training Judges in France”, Judicature, Vol. 57, 4/1973, 145-149.
Stanivuković, M., “Pravo Evropske unije i sudovi u Srbiji”, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad, Vol. 46, 1/2012, 203-221.
The EP Pilot Project on European Judicial Training (provided by courtesy of Serbian Judicial Academy).
Training Needs Assessment for the Serbian Judicial Academy (provided by courtesy of the Serbian Judicial Academy).
Legal sources
Case 222/86 Heylens and others [1987] ECR 4097.
Case 26/62 Van Gend & Loos [1963] ECR 1.
Case 6/64 Costa v Enel [1964] ECR 585.
Case C 240/09 Lesoochranárske zoskupenie [2011] ECR I 1255.
Case C 282/10 Dominguez [2012] ECR I 0000.
Case C 409/06 Winner Wetten [2010] ECR I 8015.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Central Bank, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — The 2017 EU Justice Scoreboard, COM(2017) 167 final, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/justice_scoreboard_2017_en.pdf , last visited 30 March, 2018.
Communication from The Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Building Trust In EU-Wide Justice a New Dimension To European Judicial Training, COM/2011/0551 final .
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A credible enlargement perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans, Strasbourg, 6.2.2018, COM(2018) 65 final.
Council of Europe, European Charter on the Statute of Judges, 1998, https://rm.coe.int/16807473ef , last visited December 15, 2018.
Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950, https://rm.coe.int/1680063765 , last visited December 15, 2018.
Council of Europe, Recommendation No. (2004) 4 on the European Convention on Human Rights in university education and professional training, https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016805dd13a , last visited December 15, 2018.
Decision on Changes and Amendments to the Rules of Procedure of High Judicial Council, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 29/13.
Joined Cases C 397/01 to C 403/01 Pfeiffer and Others [2004] ECR I 8835.
Law on High Judicial Council, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 116/2008, 101/2010, 88/2011 and 106/2015.
Law on judges, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 116/2008, 58/2009 - decisions of the Constitutional Court, 104/2009, 101/2010, 8/2012 - decisions of the Constitutional Court, 121/2012, 124/2012 - decisions of the Constitutional Court, 101/2013, 111/2014 - decisions of the Constitutional Court 117/2014, 40/2015, 63/2015 - decisions of the Constitutional Court and 106/2015.
Law on Public Prosecution, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 116/2008, 104/2009, 101/2010, 78/2011 – other law, 101/2011, 38/2012 - decisions of the Constitutional Court, 121/2012, 101/2013, 111/2014 -decisions of the Constitutional Court, 117/2014 and 106/2015.
Law on State Prosecutorial Council, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 116/2008, 101/2010, 88/2011 and 106/2015.
Opinion No 1 (2001) of The Consultative Council Of European Judges (CCJE) for the attention of the Council of Europe on standards concerning the independence of the judiciary and the irremovability of judges (Recommendation no. R (94) 12 on the independence, efficiency and role of judges and the relevance of its standards and any other international standards to current problems in these fields), Strasbourg, 23 November 2001, https://rm.coe.int/1680747830 , last visited December 15, 2018.
Opinion No 4 of the Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) to the attention of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on appropriate initial and in-service training for judges at national and European levels, Strasbourg, 27 November 2003, https://rm.coe.int/1680747d37 , last visited December 15, 2018.
Opinion no. 3 of the Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) to the attention of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the principles and rules governing judges’ professional conduct, in particular ethics, incompatible behaviour and impartiality, Strasbourg, 19 November 2002, https://rm.coe.int/168070098d , last visited December 15, 2018.
Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)12 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 17 November 2010 at the 1098th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies), https://rm.coe.int/16807096c1 , last visited December 15, 2018.
Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Serbia, of the other part. United Nations, Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary Adopted by the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held at Milan from 26 August to 6 September 1985 and endorsed by General Assembly resolutions 40/32 of 29 November 1985 and 40/146 of 13 December 1985, https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/independencejudiciary.aspx , last visited December 15, 2018.
United Nations, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966, entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/ccpr.pdf , last visited December 15, 2018.
Website references
EJTN, AIAKOS Programme, http://www.ejtn.eu/Exchange-Programme/Activities/AIAKOS-Programme/ , last March 30, 2018.
EJTN, Handbook on Judicial Training Methodology in Europe, www.ejtn.eu/Documents/EJTN_JTM_Handbook_2016.pdf , last visited March 31, 2018.
EJTN, Judicial training principles, http://www.ejtn.eu/PageFiles/15004/Judicial%20Training%20Principles_EN.pdf , last visited March 25, 2018.
ERA, Training modules on the European legislative instruments for cross-border cooperation in civil matters, www.era-comm.eu/EU_Civil_Justice_Training_Modules/index_.html , last visited April 1, 2018.
European Commission, Final Report – Tender JUST/2 012/JUTR /PR/0064/ A4 Lot 1 “Study on best practices in training of judges and prosecutors”, 2014, http://www.ejtn.eu/Documents/Resources/Lot1_final_Jan2015.pdf , last visited March 27, 2018.
European Parliament, Judicial training in the European Union member states, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2011/453198/IPOL-JURI_ET(2011)453198_EN.pdf , last visited December 15, 2018.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/law/training_package.htm , last visited March 31, 2018.
http://www.ejtn.eu/Documents/Methodologies_Resources/Best%20practices%20Lot%201%20EN/ITT_39-I_Hungary_1_EU_en.pdf , last visited December 14, 2018.
http://www.ejtn.eu/Documents/Methodologies_Resources/Best%20practices%20Lot%201%20EN/ITT_UP%2003_Romania_EU_en%20(2).pdf , last visited December 14, 2018.
http://www.ejtn.eu/Documents/Methodologies_Resources/Best%20practices%20Lot%201%20EN/ITT_UP%2002_Portugal_EU_en%20(2).pdf , last visited December 14, 2018.
http://www.pars.rs/en/vest/5785/two-day-seminar-entitled-importance-of-theimplementation-of-the-standards-of-the-european-court-of-humanrights-in-the-republic-of-serbia-.php , last visited March 27, 2018.
https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_the_european_judicial_training_policy-121-en.do , last visited April 1, 2018.
https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_training_material-252-en.do?-clang=en , last visited March 29, 2018.
https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2018/05/25/macron-eu-enlargement-cold-water-warm-bath/ , last visited December 1, 2018.
https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&mm=12&dd=12&nav_category=1262&nav_id=1335158 , last visited December 1, 2018.
Knežević Bojović, A. Comparative analysis of judicial training curricula, 2018, https://www.pars.rs/images/projekti/JAP/Komponenta-2/A4_1IR-Comparative-analysis-of-judicial-training-curricula-Uporedna-analiza-programa-obuke-nosilaca-pravosudnih-funkcija.pdf , last visited December 14, 2018.
Nicolaidis, K., Kleinfeld R., Rethinking Europe’s ‘Rule of Law’ and Enlargement Agenda: The Fundamental Dilemma, SIGMA Paper No. 49, www.sigmaweb.org/publicationsdocuments/sigma_sp49_061112_Eng.pdf , last visited March 15, 2018.
Purić, O., Knežević Bojović A. Training needs assessment for the Serbian Judicial Academy Results and recommendations, 2018, https://www.pars.rs/images/projekti/JAP/Komponenta-2/A5_3IR-TNA-for-theSerbian-JA-Results-and-recommendations-no.-2-TNA-u-okviru-PAu-RS-br.-2--rezulati-i-preporuke.pdf , last visited December 14, 2018.
Sofia Declaration, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/34776/sofia-declaration_en.pdf , last visited December 1, 2018.
Thomas, C., Review of Judicial Training and Education in Other Jurisdictions, 2006, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/judicial-institute/sites/judicial-institute/files/judicial_training_and_education_in_other_jurisdictions.pdf , last visited October 30, 2018.