ESTABLISHMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN LAW AND PRACTICE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The formal recognition of international personality of international organizations has led to questioning of responsibility of international organizations for internationally wrongful acts. This article examines applicability of elements for establishment of responsibility of international organizations, by taking into account to a large extent the provisions of ILC’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations and the practical examples issued from international jurisprudence.
By determining differing nature of legal personalities of states and international organizations, what includes differing basis for establishment of responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, the author underlines also a non-uniformity of legal structure of existing international organizations. Secondly, the term of responsibility and its applicability to international organizations are examined in relation to three concepts: responsibility, liability и accountability. Bearing in mind that States, as original subjects of international law and creators of international organizations, participate actively in work of international organizations, the third part of the article put the question about the interaction between responsibility of member states and responsibility of international organizations.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Amerasinghe, R. ,,Comments on the ILC’s Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations”, International Organizations Law Review, Vol. 9, 2012, 29-31.
Amerasinghe, R. Principles of the Institutional Law of International Organizations, Cambridge University Press, 20052.
Brockman-Hawe, B. E. ,,Questioning the UN’s Immunity in the Dutch Courts: Unresolved Issues in the Mothers of Srebrenica Litigation”, Washington University Global Studies Law Review Volume 10, Issue 4, 2011, 727-748.
Brownlie, I. Principles of International Law, Oxford University Press, 20036.
Buchanan, H., Ryngaert, C. ,,Member State responsibility for the acts of international organizations”, Utrecht Law Review, Volume 7, Issue 1 (January) 2011.
Diez de Velasco Vallejo, M. Les organisations internationales, Economica, Paris 2002.
Finck, F. ,,L’imputabilité dans le droit de la responsabilité internationale. Essai sur la commission d’un fait illicite par un Etat ou une organisation internationale”, Université de Strasbourg, 2011.
Klabbers, J. ,,The Concept of Legal Personality”, in: International Legal Personality (ed. Fleur Johns), Ashgate Publishing Limited, Surrey 2010.
Klein, P. ,,Les articles sur la responsabilité des organisations internationales : quell bilan tirer des travaux de la CDI?”, Annuaire français de droit international, Volume 58, 2012, 1-27.
Kreća, M. Međunarodno javno pravo, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd 2012.
Krstić, I., Čučković, B. ,,Pristupanje Evropske unije Evropskoj konvenciji o ljudskim pravima kao vid unapređenja zaštite ljudskih prava u Evropi”, Аnali Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, Vol. 64, br. 2/2016, 49-78.
Milisavljević, B. ,,Pripisivost kao uslov odgovornosti države u međunarodnom pravu“,Аnali Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, br. 2/2012, 185 – 207.
Möldner, M. ,,Responsibility of International Organizations – Introducing the ILC’s DARIO”, in: Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 16, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden/Boston 2012, 281-328.
Mulgan, R. ,,Accountability: An Ever-Expanding Concept?”, Public Administration Vol. 78 No. 3/2000, 555–573.
Nollkaemper, A. ,,Dual Attribution: Liability of the Netherlands for Conduct of Dutchbat in Srebrenica”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol. 9, 2011, 1143–1157.
Palchetti, P. ,,La répartition de la responsabilité pour faits internationalement illicites commis au cours d’opérations multinationales”, Revue international de la Croix-Rouge Sélection française, Volume 95, 3 et 4/2013.
Papić, T. ,,Pojam međunarodne organizacije iz Nacrta članova o odgovornosti međunarodnih organizacija Komisije UN za međunarodno pravo”, Pravni zapisi, 1/2011.
Pellet, A. ,,International Organizations Are Defnitely Not States. Cursory Remarks On The ILC Articles On The Responsibility of International Organizations”, in: Responsibility of International Organizations Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden/Boston 2013.
Runjić, Lj. ,,Međunarodnopravna odgovornost država članica za čine međunarodnih organizacija”, Zbornik PFZ, Vol. 64, 4/2014, 667-685.
Stumer, A., „Liability of Member States for Acts of International Organizations: Reconsidering the Policy Objections“, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 48, 2/2007, 553-580.
Talmon, S. ,,Responsibility of International Organizations: Does the European Community Require Special Treatment”, in: International Responsibility Today (ed. Maurizio Ragazzi), Koninklijke Brill 2005, 405-421.
Wilde, R. ,,Enhancing Accountability at the International Level : The Tensions between International Organizations and Member States and the Underlying Issues at Stake”, ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, 2006, 411.
Zwanenburg, M.C. Accountability under International Humanitarian Law for United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Peace Support Operations, E.M. Meijers Institute, Leiden 2004.
Pravni izvori
Advisory Committee on Issues of Public International Law, ,,Advisory Report on Responsibility of International Organizations”, Advisory Report No. 27, CAVV, The Hague December 2015;
Izveštaj Komisije za međunarodno pravo ,,Međunarodna odgovornost za štetne posledice koje proizilaze iz akata koji nisu zabranjeni međunarodnim pravom”, http://legal.un.org/ilc/guide/9.shtml.
Bečka konvencija o pravu ugovora, UN Publication, Volume 1155, No. 18231, 1980, https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%201155/volume-1155-i-18232-english.pdf;
Nacrta članova o odgovornosti međunarodnih organizacija, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2011, vol. II, Part Two, http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_11_2011.pdf.
Nacrt članova o odgovornosti država za protivpravne akte u međunarodnom pravu, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth session, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/56/a5610.pdf.
Rezolucija Generalne skupštine Ujedinjenih nacija, А/RES/66/100 od 9. decembra 2011. godine, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=%20A/RES/66/100.
Rezolucija Generalne skupštine,UN A/RES/53/102od 8. decembra 1998. godine, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/53/102.
Jurisprudencija
Savetodavno mišljenje Međunarodnog suda pravde o naknadi štete pretrpljene u službi Ujedinjenih nacija - Reparation of Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory opinion of April 11th 1949, Reports of judgements, advisory opinions and orders, I.C.J. Reports 1949, 174, http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/4/004-19490411-ADV-01-00-FR.pdf.
Slučaj pred Međunarodnim sudom pravde o oružanim aktivnostima na teritoriji Konga - Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda),Judgement of 19 December 2005, Reports of judgements, advisory opinions and orders, I.C.J. Reports 2005, http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/116/116-20051219-JUD-01-00-FR.pdf.
Slučaj pred Međunarodnim sudom pravde o vojnim i paravojnim aktivnostima u i protiv Nikaragve - Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States), Judgement of 27 June 1986, Reports of judgements, advisory opinions and orders, I.C.J. Reports 1986, http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf
Slučaj pred Evropskim sudom za ljudska prava - Banković v. Belgium, 2001–XII Eur. Ct. H.R. 333 (GC), http://www.rulac.org/assets/downloads/ECtHR_ Bankovic_Admissibility.pdf.
Slučaj pred Evropskim sudom za ljudska prava - Décision Behrami c. France, requête n. 71412/01, 2 mai 2007.
Slučaj pred Evropskim sudom za ljudska prava - Décision Saramati c. France, Allemange et Norvège, requête n. 78166/01, 2 mai 2007.
Internet izvori
http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/4/004-19490411-ADV-01-00-FR.pdf ;
http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/116/116-20051219-JUD-01-00-FR.pdf ;
http://www.rulac.org/assets/downloads/ECtHR_Bankovic_Admissibility.pdf ;
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%201155/volume-1155-i-18232-english.pdf ;
http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_11_2011.pdf ; http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_545.pdf ;
http://legal.un.org/ilc/guide/9.shtml ;
http://www.icj-cij.org/fles/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf