PARLIAMENTARY COMMITEES – COMPARATIVE –LEGAL OVERSIGHT

Abstract

The work done by the parliament in modern times is not only varied in nature, but considerable in volume. Because the depth and breadth of work in a legislature cannot be conducted in plenary sessions, the detailed work of the legislature is carried out by specialized committees, small groups of MPs set up within the parliamentary system with clearly defined mandates that carry out in-depth analysis, control function or investigation activity, review bills, resolutions, and matters on specific issues, more closely than would be possible by the entire chamber. The roles of the committees vary from country to country depending upon the governing system, strength and organization of political parties, available resources, and other political factors. There are two major types of committees. Ad hoc committees are formed for the purpose of reviewing particular bills or groups of bills and then are disbanded when that work is completed. In permanent (standing) committees the jurisdiction of the committee is defined by subject matter, which tends to parallel the structure of the ministries. In bicameral systems, reconciliation committees may meet to revise differences in a bill that is modified by two different chambers. Committee members can be appointed by the chamber, the speaker or by another body. Parliamentary committees often need staff to assist with procedural issues, administrative matters, assist with drafting bills, and provide expert opinion and analysis on major policy issues.