KAKO UČINITI HUMAN(IJ)IM DOŽIVOTNI ZATVOR KONCEPTA „ZAKLJUČAJ I BACI KLJUČ” NA PRIMERIMA ITALIJE I HOLANDIJE

  • Nataša V. Mrvić Petrović
    e-mail: n.mrvic@iup.rs
    Institut za uporedno pravo
Ključne reči: zatvor „za ceo život”, doživotni zatvor, mučenje i nečovečno postupanje, uslovni otpust.

Apstrakt

Autorka kritikuje koncept doživotnog zatvaranja „za ceo život” iz aspekta evropskih standarda zaštite prava lica lišenih slobode. Cilj rada jeste doprinos kritici zakonskih rešenja u Srbiji, u kojoj je kazna doživotnog zatvora uvedena 2019. godine, a nije propisan način izvršenja. Doživotno osuđenim za određena krivična dela zabranjuje se uslovni otpust. Suprotno tome, relevantni akti Saveta Evrope i praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (ECHR) pokazuju da princip reintegracije u društvo doživotnih zatvorenika mora biti obezbeđen u nacionalnom sistemu izvršenja, inače se rizikuje povreda čl. 3 Evropske konvencije. Država članica ima obavezu da doživotne zatvorenike uključi u rehabilitacioni tretman, kao i da predvidi i primeni mehanizme za skraćenje kazne. Na primerima iz Italije i Holandije autorka ispituje okolnosti zbog kojih izvršenje doživotnog zatvora nije doseglo standarde ECHR. Na taj način skreće se pažnja zakonodavcu u Srbiji da princip rehabilitacije ne sme biti zanemaren čak i kada postoji potreba da se na kriminalitet reaguje
najstrože, doživotnom kaznom zatvora.

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Naučni savetnik

Reference

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Savet Evrope (SE) i tela SE

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Portugalija

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Italija

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Holandija

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Srbija

Ustav, Službeni glasnik RS, br. 98/2006, 115/2021.

Krivični zakonik, Službeni glasnik RS, br. 85/2005, 88/2005, 107/2005, 72/2009, 111/2009, 121/2012, 104/2013, 108/2014, 94/2016, 35/2019.

Zakon o izvršenju krivičnih sankcija, Službeni glasnik RS, br. 5/2014, 35/2019.

Sudska praksa

ECHR

Marchello Viola v. Italia (no. 2), predstavka br. 77633/16, presuda od 13. 6. 2019. Dostupno na: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22002-12494%22]}

Murray v. The Netherlands, predstavka br. 10511/10, presuda od 10. 12. 2013. Dostupno na: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#%7B%22display%22:[2],%22itemid%22:[%22002-9358%22]%7D.

Murray v. The Netherlands, predstavka br. 10511/10, presuda Velikog veća od 26. 4. 2016. Dostupno na: https://njb.nl/umbraco/uploads/2017/1/Murray.pdf.

Italija

Corto Costituzionale della Republica Italia, Ordinanza n. 27/2021. Decisione del 15/04/2021. Pubblicazione in G. U. Dostupno na: http://pronuncia_97_2021.pdf (17. 6. 2022).

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2022-11-01
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