SLUŽBENA UPOTREBA JEZIKA NACIONALNIH MANЈINA U RADU ORGANA UPRAVE
Ključne reči:
službena upotreba jezika, manjinski jezici, Evropska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima, Okvirna konvencija za zaštitu nacionalnih manjina, Italija, Austrija, Slovenija, Slovačka
Apstrakt
U ovom radu autor analizira službenu upotrebu manjinskih jezika u radu organa uprave. Upotreba manjinskih jezika u odnosima sa upravnim vlastima je možda najkonkretniji pokazatelj njihovog pravnog statusa. Službena upotreba manjinskih jezika sagledana je u tri važna aspekta – šta se u pravnom smislu smatra manjinskim jezikom, koji je teritorijalni opseg službene upotrebe i šta je sadržina službene upotrebe manjinskih jezika.
Reference
De Varennes, F. 2006. Article 10. In: Weller, M. (ed.), The Rights of Minorities. A Commentary on the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 301-327.
Kontra, M. 1999. Some Reflections on the Nature of Language and its Regulation. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 6 (3), pp. 281-288.
Komac, M. & Roter, P. 2015. The Autonomy Arrangement in Slovenia. An Established Institutional Framework Dependent on Implementation of Minority Protection. In: Malloy, T., Osipov, A. & Vizi, B. (eds.), Managing Diversity through Non-Territorial Autonomy: Assessing, Advantages, Deficiencies and Risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92-117.
May, S. 2008. Language and Minority Rights. Ethnicity, Nationalism and The Politics of Language. New York: Routledge.
Poggeschi, G. 2012. The Use of Regional and Minority Languages in the Public Administration and the Undertakings of Article 10 of the European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 57, pp. 163-205.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 1984. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Van der Jeught, S. 2016. The Protection of Linguistic Minorities in Italy: A Clean Break with the Past. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 15(3), pp. 57-81.
Woehrling, J.M. 2005. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. A Critical Commentary. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Internet izvori
Daftary, F.& Gál, K. 2000. The New Slovak Language Law: Internal or External Politics?. ECMI Working Paper # 8, European Centre for Minority Issues, pp. 1-62. Dostupno na: http://edoc.vifapol.de/opus/volltexte/2009/1888/pdf/working_paper_8.pdf.
Ruíz Vieytez, E. J. 2004. Official Languages and Minority Languages: Issues about Their Legal Status through Comparative Law, Paper presented at the II Mercator International Symposium: Europe 2004: A New Framework for all Languages?, Tarragona, Spain, 27-28 February 2004. Dostupno na: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo_Ruiz_Vieytez/publication/237470742_Official_Languages_and_Minority_Languages_Issues_about_Their_Legal_Status_through_Comparative_Law/links/54b7bcb40cf2e68eb280469d.pdf.
Pravni izvori i sudska praksa
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages CoE CETS No. 147. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
Council of Europe, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Explanatory Report, 1992. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities CoE CETS No. 157. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Explanatory Report H(1995) 010. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Španija
Odluka Ustavnog suda Španije, STC 82/1986 od 26. juna 1986. Dostupno na: https://tc.vlex.es/vid/i-as-an-149-ba-8-9-14-23-15033525, (10.6.2018).
Italija
Ustav Republike Italije (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf.
Zakon br. 482/99 – Zakon o zaštiti istorijskih jezičkih manjina (Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche). Dostupno na: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm.
Austrija
Ugovor iz Sen Žermena (Treaty of St Germain (Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100758/treaty-of-st-germain-treaty-of-peace-between-the-allied-and-associated-powers-and-austria/.
Državni ugovor (State Treaty (with annexes and maps) for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria. Signed at Vienna, on 15 May 1955). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100823/state-treaty-with-annexes-and-maps-for-the-re-establish%C2%ADment-of-an-independent-and-democratic-austria-signed-at-vienna-on-15-may-1955/
Ustav Austrije (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)). Tekst na nemačkom i prevod na engleski jezik dostupan na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1930_1/ERV_1930_1.pdf.
Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich. Dostupno na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1976_396/ERV_1976_396.pdf.
VfGH G 213/01-18 od 13.12.2001. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_G_213-01_ua.pdf.
VfGH B 484/03-11 od 16.12.2004. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_B_484-03.pdf.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Austrije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovenija
Ustav Republike Slovenije (Ustava Republike Slovenije), Uradni list RS, št. 33/1991-I, 42/1997 – UZS68, 66/2000 – UZ80, 2420/03 – UZ3a, 47, 68, 69/2004 – UZ14, 6920/04 – UZ43, 69/2004 – UZ50, 68/2006 – UZ121,140,143, 47/2013 – UZ148, 47/2013 – UZ90, 97, 99 in 75/2016 – UZ70a. Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.us-rs.si/en/about-the-court/legal-basis/constitution.
Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine, Uradni list RS, št. 86/2004 in 8/2010.
Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku, Uradni list RS, št. 24/2006 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 105/2006 – ZUS-1, 126/2007, 65/2008, 8/2010 in 82/2013.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Republike Slovenije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovačka
Ustav Republike Slovačke (Ústavný zákon č. 460/1992 Zb.Ústava Slovenskej republiky v znení č. 244/1998 Z. z., 9/1999 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 140/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 463/2005 Z. z., 92/2006 Z. z., 210/2006 Z. z., 100/2010 Z. z., 356/2011 Z. z., 232/2012 Z. z., 161/2014 Z. z., 306/2014 Z. z., 427/2015 Z. z., 44/2017 Z. z., 71/2017 Z. z., 137/2017 Z. z., 99/2019 Z. z.). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.prezident.sk/upload-files/46422.pdf.
Zákon č. 300/1993 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o mene a priezvisku (v znení č. r1/c4/1994 Z. z., 154/1994 Z. z., 198/2002 Z. z., 515/2003 Z. z., 36/2005 Z. z., 13/2006 Z. z., 344/2007 Z. z., 564/2008 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 124/2015 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 191/1994 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o označovaní obcí v jazyku národnostných menšín (v znení č. r1/c63/1994 Z. z., r1/c68/1994 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 270/1995 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o štátnom jazyku Slovenskej republiky (v znení č. r1/c95/1995 Z. z., 260/1997 Z. z., 5/1999 Z. z., 184/1999 Z. z., 24/2007 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z., 35/2011 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 373/2013 Z. z., 125/2016 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 184/1999 Z. z.Zákon o používaní jazykov národnostných menšín (v znení č. 318/2009 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 287/2012 Z. z.).
Deklaracija Republike Slovačke u ratifikacionom instrumentu o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Kontra, M. 1999. Some Reflections on the Nature of Language and its Regulation. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 6 (3), pp. 281-288.
Komac, M. & Roter, P. 2015. The Autonomy Arrangement in Slovenia. An Established Institutional Framework Dependent on Implementation of Minority Protection. In: Malloy, T., Osipov, A. & Vizi, B. (eds.), Managing Diversity through Non-Territorial Autonomy: Assessing, Advantages, Deficiencies and Risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92-117.
May, S. 2008. Language and Minority Rights. Ethnicity, Nationalism and The Politics of Language. New York: Routledge.
Poggeschi, G. 2012. The Use of Regional and Minority Languages in the Public Administration and the Undertakings of Article 10 of the European Charter For Regional Or Minority Languages. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 57, pp. 163-205.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 1984. Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Van der Jeught, S. 2016. The Protection of Linguistic Minorities in Italy: A Clean Break with the Past. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 15(3), pp. 57-81.
Woehrling, J.M. 2005. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. A Critical Commentary. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
Internet izvori
Daftary, F.& Gál, K. 2000. The New Slovak Language Law: Internal or External Politics?. ECMI Working Paper # 8, European Centre for Minority Issues, pp. 1-62. Dostupno na: http://edoc.vifapol.de/opus/volltexte/2009/1888/pdf/working_paper_8.pdf.
Ruíz Vieytez, E. J. 2004. Official Languages and Minority Languages: Issues about Their Legal Status through Comparative Law, Paper presented at the II Mercator International Symposium: Europe 2004: A New Framework for all Languages?, Tarragona, Spain, 27-28 February 2004. Dostupno na: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo_Ruiz_Vieytez/publication/237470742_Official_Languages_and_Minority_Languages_Issues_about_Their_Legal_Status_through_Comparative_Law/links/54b7bcb40cf2e68eb280469d.pdf.
Pravni izvori i sudska praksa
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages CoE CETS No. 147. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
Council of Europe, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Explanatory Report, 1992. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/text-of-the-charter.
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities CoE CETS No. 157. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Explanatory Report H(1995) 010. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/text-of-the-convention.
Španija
Odluka Ustavnog suda Španije, STC 82/1986 od 26. juna 1986. Dostupno na: https://tc.vlex.es/vid/i-as-an-149-ba-8-9-14-23-15033525, (10.6.2018).
Italija
Ustav Republike Italije (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf.
Zakon br. 482/99 – Zakon o zaštiti istorijskih jezičkih manjina (Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche). Dostupno na: https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm.
Austrija
Ugovor iz Sen Žermena (Treaty of St Germain (Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100758/treaty-of-st-germain-treaty-of-peace-between-the-allied-and-associated-powers-and-austria/.
Državni ugovor (State Treaty (with annexes and maps) for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria. Signed at Vienna, on 15 May 1955). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.dipublico.org/100823/state-treaty-with-annexes-and-maps-for-the-re-establish%C2%ADment-of-an-independent-and-democratic-austria-signed-at-vienna-on-15-may-1955/
Ustav Austrije (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)). Tekst na nemačkom i prevod na engleski jezik dostupan na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1930_1/ERV_1930_1.pdf.
Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich. Dostupno na: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erv/ERV_1976_396/ERV_1976_396.pdf.
VfGH G 213/01-18 od 13.12.2001. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_G_213-01_ua.pdf.
VfGH B 484/03-11 od 16.12.2004. Dostupno na: https://www.vfgh.gv.at/downloads/VfGH_B_484-03.pdf.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Austrije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovenija
Ustav Republike Slovenije (Ustava Republike Slovenije), Uradni list RS, št. 33/1991-I, 42/1997 – UZS68, 66/2000 – UZ80, 2420/03 – UZ3a, 47, 68, 69/2004 – UZ14, 6920/04 – UZ43, 69/2004 – UZ50, 68/2006 – UZ121,140,143, 47/2013 – UZ148, 47/2013 – UZ90, 97, 99 in 75/2016 – UZ70a. Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.us-rs.si/en/about-the-court/legal-basis/constitution.
Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine, Uradni list RS, št. 86/2004 in 8/2010.
Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku, Uradni list RS, št. 24/2006 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 105/2006 – ZUS-1, 126/2007, 65/2008, 8/2010 in 82/2013.
Deklaracija u Ratifikacionom instrumentu Republike Slovenije o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
Slovačka
Ustav Republike Slovačke (Ústavný zákon č. 460/1992 Zb.Ústava Slovenskej republiky v znení č. 244/1998 Z. z., 9/1999 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 90/2001 Z. z., 140/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 323/2004 Z. z., 463/2005 Z. z., 92/2006 Z. z., 210/2006 Z. z., 100/2010 Z. z., 356/2011 Z. z., 232/2012 Z. z., 161/2014 Z. z., 306/2014 Z. z., 427/2015 Z. z., 44/2017 Z. z., 71/2017 Z. z., 137/2017 Z. z., 99/2019 Z. z.). Tekst na engleskom jeziku dostupan na: https://www.prezident.sk/upload-files/46422.pdf.
Zákon č. 300/1993 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o mene a priezvisku (v znení č. r1/c4/1994 Z. z., 154/1994 Z. z., 198/2002 Z. z., 515/2003 Z. z., 36/2005 Z. z., 13/2006 Z. z., 344/2007 Z. z., 564/2008 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 124/2015 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 191/1994 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o označovaní obcí v jazyku národnostných menšín (v znení č. r1/c63/1994 Z. z., r1/c68/1994 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 270/1995 Z. z.Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o štátnom jazyku Slovenskej republiky (v znení č. r1/c95/1995 Z. z., 260/1997 Z. z., 5/1999 Z. z., 184/1999 Z. z., 24/2007 Z. z., 318/2009 Z. z., 35/2011 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 373/2013 Z. z., 125/2016 Z. z.).
Zákon č. 184/1999 Z. z.Zákon o používaní jazykov národnostných menšín (v znení č. 318/2009 Z. z., 204/2011 Z. z., 287/2012 Z. z.).
Deklaracija Republike Slovačke u ratifikacionom instrumentu o Evropskoj povelji o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Dostupno na: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=adpW1NPl.
