IZBEGLICE I PROMENE U ŽIVOTNOJ SREDINI U MEĐUNARODNOM PRAVU
Apstrakt
Cilj rada je sagledavanje položaja izbeglica čiji su uzroci izbeglištva u promenama u stanju životne sredine („ekološke izbeglice“). U prvom delu rada se ukazuje na teorijski kontekst i opšti pravni okvir kojim je uređeno pitanje položaja izbeglica u međunarodnom izbegličkom pravu. Analiziraju se odredbe sadržane u Konvenciji o statusu izbeglica (1951) sa Protokolom (1967). Razmatra se, pre svega, pitanje načina kako je u Konvenciji regulisan položaj izbeglica čiji se uzroci izbeglištva mogu pripisati promenama u životnoj sredini. Drugi deo rada je posvećen ispitivanju relevantnih odredbi međunarodnog prava životne sredine sa stanovišta načina kako se ovaj deo normi međunarodnog prava odnosi prema pitanju prisilnih migracija. Ukazuje se i na odredbe dva najnovija međunarodna dokumenta od potencijalnog značaja za izbeglice i životnu sredinu (Nacrt globalnog dogovora za sigurnu, urednu i regularnu migraciju, 2019, i Nacrt globalnog pakta za životnu sredinu, 2017). U zaključku se naglašava potreba jasnijeg uređivanja položaja izbeglica kroz odgovarajuće izmene i dopune u obe oblasti međunarodnog prava: međunarodnog izbegličkog prava i međunarodnog prava životne sredine.
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